I finally returned to the Kruger Park this past March! How lucky I am to do work with such amazing scientists and staff there, in such an incredible landscape filled with animals I never thought I'd get to see. And folks, it pays to hang out with botanists: While admiring a particularly hardy and beautiful Terminalia sericea, one of my favorite savanna trees, I encountered my first ever chameleon in the wild. What a beauty that I never would have noticed had we not stopped to smell the roses -- uh, I mean, the silver cluster-leaf!
    This trip to Kruger was much too short, but I managed to cram in a workshop, a conference, and a field course of Duke Master's students led by one of my advisors, Jim Clark. It was amazing to watch myself jump between these three professional modes (workshop leader, networker/presenter, and teacher); I think even a year ago I wouldn't have had the stamina for it. 

Savanna Soils Workshop
The first few days of my trip were spent facilitating a workshop brought together by Laurence Kruger and Norman Owen-Smith, with co-runners Emily Wedel and Arjun Potter. It was a lot of work, but what an incredible gift to have spent so much time with a small group of savanna scientists whose work I have admired for years. I learned a lot during those few days, about savannas, scientific careers, and especially how to balance so many different personalities, ideas, and relationships. 
    Some workshop takeaways:

• If I'm feeling tired, annoyed, bored, or any other emotion about a situation, person, or idea, then I am likely not alone. I felt so grateful during the workshop for the few individuals who weren't afraid to speak their mind when they thought a discussion was wrung out, or that everyone needed to go for a beer. I'll try to emulate this and be more outspoken in the future.
• I am so grateful to have genuine connections with other savanna scientists now. During my last trip to Kruger, I was just barely ready to call myself an ecologist; now, I feel like I'm a part of the savanna science community.
• When putting together workshops like this of my own in the future, I need to put diversity and intentional inclusion at the forefront of the structure. As much as I loved this workshop, there wasn't much diversity in the specialties represented (mostly herbivore and botanical researchers, with little collective knowledge on soils). Additionally, it's important that the racial and country-of-origin makeup of a workshop studying African savannas should reflect the diversity of African countries studied; there were far too many white South Africans and Americans in attendance. It's a tricky problem that stems from how our social and professional circles are structured, and I am actively trying to cultivate diverse circles from the start of my career.

Savanna Science Network Meeting
After the workshop was the 20th annual Savanna Science Network Meeting, where savanna scientists from across the globe gather to share their science and network with each other. The week was filled with so many interesting presentations, great conversations, and new friends made. Words can't describe how amazing it was to realize that I am embedded in a community of kind, intelligent, multi-faceted scientists who all want to share ideas and beers and watch the sun set together.
     If I take anything away from this week, it's (1) I should be more confident in my science; everyone loved my talk (see video recording here), and (2) I can't wait to come back next year!

​Duke Field Course
What can I say? I love teaching. I had an absolute blast interacting with the Master's students, showing them the wonders of the savanna and experiencing new discoveries with them. I even had fun spending hours gluing fluorescent strings to dried marula seeds. I need to remember the joy I feel in teaching when I consider my career. PS - Read the students' blog here!
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I also learned through these three experiences that I have become a much more resilient person since my last trip to Kruger. Criticism, conflict, and differences of opinion really don't shake me as much as they used to; whether this is through exposure therapy or a genuine increase in my confidence as a scientist is still up for debate, but I think it's a little of both.

As the title says -- I'm incredibly excited to have accepted an offer from the Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability to start a two-year postdoctoral researcher position in Ithaca, NY. The position starts in September, and I'll be working with both Dr Steve Osofsky at Cornell and Dr  Robin Naidoo at the WWF on a project simulating elephant movements on a southern African savanna to inform sustainable conservation and land management practices in the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA).

I am most excited for, in no particular order:

• the chance to dive into more complicated computational challenges
  
• to meet and network with a whole new group of scientists at Cornell
  
• to work with two fabulous researchers who have already shown me they've got my best interests at heart, care deeply about conservation, and can help me learn more about the world of conservation
  
• to follow a career path bent on conserving endangered animals, unique landscapes, and important ecosystems, all while keeping human lifestyles, health, and cultural significance at the center of my work
  
• to join a postdoc program in a cohort of passionate fellow scientists from different fields
  
• snow and gorges and beautiful fall colors and making new friends in a new city
  

Stay tuned for more updates about this project as the date approaches! For now, I've got to focus on actually finishing this dissertation, since I've now compressed my timeline in half. I can do it, though!

In 2021, I was awarded the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, an amazing scholarship that allows me to pursue my research with an above-average stipend, no teaching requirements, and no strings attached. As a way of paying forward all the help and advice I received from past winners, here are some tips from my experience. Feel free to reach out to me for help with your application, or scroll down to see my statements. Also, check out Alex Lang's long-standing website collection of GRFP advice and winning proposals.

Research Statement
Be specific with your aims and hypotheses. Include research questions, why they’re important, and what will answer them. Using the “if, then” format from middle school is honestly a great structure for hypotheses. Show that you’ll know what your results mean when you get them. 
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Personal Statement
Don’t worry about structure at first when writing. I started with an outline of everything I’ve done that would be relevant, then moved bits around and cut parts that didn’t quite fit. Keep the cut parts and, if you think they’re still important, ask one of your letter writers to speak to them. The very last thing I wrote was my opening paragraph; it took me that long to figure out what my story was.

Broader Impacts
This is its own header here because they’re really important. When I first applied, I wrote something like “I will be a role model for young women in STEM.” This is not good enough---you have to be specific about who you’ll be impacting with your research, how you’ll do it, and why.

Letters
Give your letter writers specific goals for what you want them to write. I gave my writers a bulleted list of things I had done that I thought they should mention. This will help you get the letter you need, and provide them with a structure for the letter. Remind them of important deadlines and links to the GRF formatting guidelines (especially that they need both IM and BI in their letters!) in the top of your email. Thank them afterwards, whether or not you win. They spent time and energy on you, and an email or a quick word in the hallway will mean a lot.

Timeline
I started this application around October 01, 2020. Do not do this! Start earlier to give your letter writers time; remember that they will want at least a draft of both statements, so have those ready to send them along with your CV and possibly transcripts.

Miscellaneous
Underline instead of bolding; it saves space. Get a lot of people from different backgrounds to read your statements (especially if you know any NSF GRF winners!). Remember that the NSF is funding you, not your project. It doesn’t have to be 100% the thing you’re going to be spending your PhD working towards, it just has to be a solid plan. Get advice from other winners/honorable mentions, but remember that each field has its own ideas about where a “good scientist” should be at your career stage.

This is not your time to be modest or shy. Ask for help, ask for edits, ask for letters, early and often. No NSF GRF is won by one person working alone in their office for a few months. It’s a group effort and we all lean on each other to get it done. Good luck!

Phew, am I worn out! It's been quite a week, with THREE different types of science communication speaking events on my schedule. It's been so much fun, but for an introvert like me it's been a lot of face time. I'm glad to just veg for a bit after this.

Thursday: GradX
On Thursday last week, I participated in an event through the Graduate School called "GradX". I prepared a five minute TED-style talk about my research for a broad audience, something I haven't done before. I was a bit nervous since I knew I wouldn't really be able to look at notes, but boy was it a fun time! I really enjoyed the opportunity to craft my research, which is very heavy on coding and remote sensing, into a five-minute talk that my family and friends would enjoy. The recording is here (apologies in advance for the poor audio quality and video angle), and a transcript can be found here.

Saturday: People & Nature
Saturday was the big day: A few colleagues (Anita Simha, Jon Choi, Lane Scher) and I collaborated to put on an all-day symposium for our department called People & Nature, which had originally been slated to take place in March of 2020 (shout-out to Brandie Quarles and Alex Loomis, who did a lot of the planning in 2020!). You can read more at the webpage, but in essence the symposium was about how people and nature interact, with three focuses: Ethnoecology, Place-Based Research, and Environmental Justice. We asked speakers to consider the following questions, and I think they're worthy of sharing here as well:

• Why is it important for you to jointly consider people and nature in your work? 
• What insights do you gain in your work by taking this approach?

My role was a LOT of planning, scheduling, spreadsheets, and graphic design for the announcements and flyers. I also wrote the land acknowledgement on the landing page, and gave a talk called "Beyond Land Acknowledgement", with the goal of (1) honoring the past, (2) celebrating the present, and (3) taking action for the future. I have done a lot of research on this topic, which has grown to be very important to me over the course of the past few months. I was a bit nervous to present, because at the end of my talk I asked everyone to take out their phones and either donate to a Native-led organization or follow Indigenous content creators online, but I think everyone received it well. It meant a lot to me that we not just name the peoples who had genocide committed on them here, who were cast out of their own lands, but that we take steps to right those wrongs in any way we can. See the People & Nature landing page for more resources about this action-oriented strategy for land acknowledgements!

Tuesday: Skype a Scientist
Finally, Tuesday I was delighted to be invited to video call with a kindergarten classroom in Farmville, VA, through a program called Skype a Scientist. It was SO MUCH FUN! I love teaching kids about science, and of course they loved that a lot of my presentation was about poop. I showed lots of pictures of the cool animals and plants that I encountered in South Africa, and asked them questions like "If you were a plant, how would you keep animals from eating your leaves? How would you convince them to eat your seeds?". The poop came in when we discussed the role that frugivores play in spreading seeds far and wide, and we got to play a guessing game with a marula seed I brought from South Africa. Last but not least, we did a bit of show and tell with two snakes that I am pet-sitting, Porkchop and Ghost. The kids went absolutely bananas for them, and really made me wish we could have been in person. Still, what an awesome opportunity, and I'm SO excited to get matched again. 

When I stepped off the plane in Dulles, VA back in November, the icy breeze came as a huge shock. This is figurative, of course. My plane had one of those hallway things attached to it, and I didn't get my first taste of the Virginia fall air until my parents picked me up at the Arrivals terminal an hour later. Still, it was a shock---only three days before, I had been enjoying the onset of the hot wet season in Kruger, braving 100-degree days (38-degree, for my Celsius-minded friends) to help Kruger researchers set up soil probes, speaker systems, and trail cameras. Even now, a month out from my return, I still expect to step outside into a blast of heat.

As any ecologist will tell you, the return from the field comes with its own culture shock and dreamlike reflections. I won't try to cover everything in just one post, but instead focus each snippet on one thing that I learned about myself during the course of my month-and-a-half in Kruger. Today's theme: What does it mean to be an ecologist?

Or, rather, what does it mean to me?  My PhD journey so far has been marked by my struggles to answer this question. As a mathematician and computer programmer, I mostly defined myself by what I could do, and my mental flexibility to find elegant solutions to computational problems. It has taken me a long while to rediscover a meaning behind my title; in fact, it took me over two years to become comfortable with calling myself an "ecologist".

Being at Kruger, though, has finally settled this piece of me. I've learned that being an ecologist is not about what you know, but how you approach the world. It means asking questions about the workings of things, pondering the larger cycles and considering both the past and the future of a system with equal weight. It is a special state of mind, an exciting realization that I get to study how this planet works, on every level, for the rest of my life. No matter what I do in my future, I have finally discovered my "ecologist brain"---a brain that can chew on small and large processes, long and short time spans, all at once---hiding in plain sight all along. 

It's finally happening!

If you'd asked me even a month ago whether I'd have a chance to visit the Kruger National Park this fall, I'd have thought you were pulling my leg. And yet, somehow, I was able to get my paperwork and vaccines together, book flights, and get ready to embark on my first-ever international research trip. I'm incredibly excited to have the chance to go and meet my PhD research goals, especially during a global pandemic. COVID-19 has done a number on my academic plans, my motivation, and my mental health, so this opportunity is a welcome break from long-term pandemic stress and anxiety.

I'll be on site for about a month, taking a course on savanna ecology field skills and helping set up a research site on drought effects on savanna vegetation. I'm looking at the course schedule now and just can't believe my eyes---hands-on field work mixed with lectures and other activities? Plans to go out in the field almost every day? A chance to meet all these awesome researchers that I have only been Zoom-ing with so far? It's an absolute dream.

Look forward to more pictures and research thoughts to come. In recent weeks I really have been hitting my stride after a major overhaul of my study techniques and a fresh dollop of academic motivation, and I'm truly grateful and excited that I'll get to see this place in action and meet with collaborators for the first time. For a long while I've been doubting whether I really can make it in academia, and this trip is coming at just the right time to help me figure this out.

Oh, and of course, a month at a world-class research station on an African savanna will be incredibly awesome. There's that, too.

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This research funding comes in part from Duke University's Data Expeditions fellowship I earned for my work on eBird data with co-author Lane Scher. I am incredibly grateful for the team at Kruger for the opportunity to take this course, and to my Graduate Research Fellowship support from the NSF (see previous blog post). I also note here that all research and travel will be taking place with strict masking and COVID-19 sanitation guidelines, and that I have followed Duke University's vaccination and weekly surveillance testing protocol. Taking an international trip during a pandemic is not something I do lightly.

Wow. I am honored to have been named a 2021 NSF Graduate Research Fellow. I honestly still can't believe it. What's more, my incredibly talented, dedicated, and amazing friend and labmate Renata Poulton Kamakura was also selected as a fellow this year. I'm so proud of the both of us, and still reeling from the announcement.

I know that my worth isn't determined by grants or fancy fellowships, but my self-esteem has definitely been boosted by this award. All the congratulations from friends, family, and colleagues; reading such uplifting and encouraging reviewer comments; and the immediate reduction of stress when thinking about the future have all been a huge boon. I tend to have a rather low self-esteem and have always been a bit insecure when it comes to my accomplishments, but I've noticed that lately this award has allowed me to be a bit kinder to myself and a bit less over-humble about my achievements. 

One reviewer comment in particular stands out to me: "I also want to acknowledge that this math-heavy (modeling-heavy) proposal was very easy to understand, a rarity amongst modelers." This. This is exactly why I am here and what I think I can truly contribute to science and to society in general. To know that my math-heavy proposal was clear and understandable is honestly the highest praise I could have asked for. I hope to continue this communications trend throughout my career.

If anyone is interested in chatting with me about their own NSF proposal, please send me an email! I'd be happy to advise.

This fall, I was accepted into the first class of Environmental Impact Fellows through the Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions. Although I'm not quite sure yet where my future self will use these skills I'm learning through the program, I have been looking forward to this weekend, surrounded by all the intelligent, insightful, and impassioned members of this inaugural class.
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The past few days have been filled with the allegories of Plato and Martin Luther King, the poetry of Elizabeth Bishop, and the powerful convictions of Havel, Rousseau, and Machiavelli, to name a few. Our conversations circled around a few key questions, namely: What does it mean to strive towards good? What are the virtues of a good leader? How does one attain them, and what are mine? How do we balance the need for representation and equality in our society with the pressing pragmatism of timelines, personal liberties, and warring perspectives? And, lastly, how does one bundle all of these thoughts and questions about humanity and virtue, and produce a competent and respected leader?
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I don't pretend to answer any but one of the very first, and even that is almost too slippery to grasp. What are my virtues and values? Which do I have now, and which do I work towards in the future? I've just been perusing the list of "Roman Virtues" proffered by the Wikipedia page on virtue, and a few do stand out to me. Firmitas and Industria, or tenacity and industriousness, surely seem to be a good pair of qualities. I don't know that I've quite managed to curate a true sense of stick-to-it-iveness, but I hope to gain that through the long hard grind that is a PhD. One that isn't on the Roman list is empathy. If I am being honest (see the last part of this paragraph), I think that this is the virtue that I have the most of. Sometimes too much, perhaps. But I think it is truly the most important to me, to be able to listen to others, understand their pain, and communicate in a way that is not overbearing, egotistical, or holier-than-thou. The last, Veritas, honesty, is said to be the 'root of all virtue'. I think that one can't be virtuous if one isn't first honest, especially with oneself. I know I have not been the most honest with myself about many things in my life, and I think this is the virtue, above all others, that I will try to work towards during this coming semester. I hope to succeed.
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Another question that keeps rearing its head: How can we study the wisdom of those that came before us, when those same people would not believe that most of my fellow classmates should be learning from them at all? When reading excerpts from Machiavelli, Plato, and Darwin, I can't help but think--these old, dead, white men write about and for other old, dead, white men. Can we truly have a discussion about Darwin's thoughts about human nature, when he so obviously sees the majority of us as merely fragile child-bearers or savages? Should we address these issues head on, or perhaps just acknowledge them for products of a bygone era and get to the nugget of truth within? After all, nobody is perfect. Contemporary Internet culture would have us believe that we must throw out the whole apple if a worm is discovered within, but I am not so sure I agree. Yes, we should point out the worm, pull it out into the light, and study it (we are scientists, after all). But I, for one, would probably just cut around the bad parts and eat what remains. It seems that this is what we did during this weekend. We acknowledged the limitations and shortcomings of these authors and the seminar as a whole, but in the end we have learned from them as well. 
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I'm looking forward to the next session, held in March. Until then, my head will be swimming with thoughts of virtue, human nature, and society. And, of course, my to-read list has now sprouted legs and run off with all my free time!
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PS and Food for Thought: This episode of Star Trek: Voyager kept popping into my head as we had our discussions on what it means to learn from someone imperfect (or, as in this case, incredibly flawed). I might just rewatch it tonight. 

This past November, I made a most fantastic voyage across the sea, all the way to the storied French Alps. There, I spent a week with the incredibly intelligent and warm folks at Irstea Grenoble Center; conversations ranged from the pros and cons of joint species distribution models, to the challenges of simulation evaluation, to the perks of a life so close to those dear mountains (skiing being top of the list). I received heaps of useful feedback on my budding project on herbivores in the Kruger National Park, and had the chance to get to know the city and the research group better than I thought I would.
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That week, I truly recognized a facet of my life as a scientist. Science is more than just exploring and investigating the world around us; it is the relationships and conversations we have with others that can spark new insights and lead to fresh research directions. I have made it a new mission of mine to reach out to fellow scientists for coffee conversations more often; to attend symposia and lectures outside my usual realm; and to make connections beyond my (self-described) introvert comfort zone. In doing so, I hope to sow the seeds for further inspiration and breakthrough, both in myself and others. Not every conversation will lead to my next dissertation chapter, it's true; but each will leave me seeing the world from a slightly different angle, and that is what science is all about.
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In sum, I'm not-so-quietly counting down the days to my next trip to France; hopefully, soon!